Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel stoping. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience. Of the unsupported methods, roomandpillar mining is employed for extraction of flatdipping and tabular deposits, whereas shrinkage and sublevel stoping are. Slos recovers the ore in the open stopes by drilling and blasting from different levels but ore is removed from one level at the bottom of the mine. The sublevels are worked simultaneously, the lowest on a given block being farthest advanced and the subs above following one another at short intervals. The present study investigates the applicability of the methods in sublevel stoping brazilian mines. It is an overhand mining method that relies on broken ore being left in the stope to be used as the working floor and to support the walls. Backfill practices for sublevel stoping system springerlink.
Oct 22, 2014 sublevel stoping underground mining methods 1. This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. Sublevel stoping, sublevel caving, topslicing, and blockcaving require more stope preparation before ore extraction can begin. Introduction the sublevel stoping mining method is usually applied to a relatively steeply dipping, competent ore body, surrounded by competent wall rock.
This method is similar to cut and fill mining with the exception that after being blasted, broken ore is left in the stope where it is used to support the surrounding rock and as a platform from which to work. Before mining begins, an ore pass is usually drilled from a lower to a higher elevation. Sublevel stoping mining methods are generally employed to extract steeply dipping tabular ore deposits characterized by relatively long strikes and having various thicknesses. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping pdf, the first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open. This volume from crc press is published next month. Understanding the principles of gravity flow is centrai to optimizing design and operating practices in sublevel cave mining. It was developed over the years from a method originally known as short hole bench and train mining. Mining methods and method selection snu open courseware. This book presents the latest mining principles and techniques in use today. Sublevel open stoping is a highly mechanized mining method utilizing a wide range of equipment for drilling and mucking. In this method, the ore is excavated in open stopes, retreating from one end of the stope toward the other.
Its characteristic feature is the use of sublevels. Sublevel open stoping originated in the early 1900s in iron ore mines in michigan, usa. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience. Mining in minnesota cut and fill mining method 3d animation. The deposits may be tabular in form, dipping at angles steeper than the angle of repose of the broken ore or flatter, if scrapers are employed for moving the ore in the ore passes, or to wide, thick ore bodies or masses. Download geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping pdf. Sublevel stoping, cut and fill mining and sublevel caving have generally replaced shrinkage mining in australia, europe and canada. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. For sublevel stoping the ore body and walls should be strong enough to support open stoping.
This paper discusses the stope parameters of the sublevel subsequent filling stage in daye iron shizishan section. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Increasing the efficiency of the optimization model. Underground mining machinery glossary bibliography biographical sketches summary. Bigholeopen stopinguses longer blast holes with larger diameter of 140165 mm.
A mining method involving overhand, underhand, and shrinkage stoping. Despite the significant amount of data collected, chilean open stoping case studies were not considered. Download geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping pdf ebook. What is the difference between sublevel stopping and sublevel. Oct 22, 2014 sublevel stopingunderground mining methods 1. The orebody is divided into sections about 100 m h igh and further divided laterally into. The objective here is to present a design methodology applicable to sublevel open stoping, but also to then bridge the gap between theory and practice by applying said methodology to an actual design example.
Pdf design and dimensioning of sublevel stoping for extraction of. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. However, it still finds occasional use in mining highgrade ores or in countries where labor costs are low. As far as quantity is concerned, sublevel caving is now the most important method with about 25 million tonnes per annum out of which kiruna alone accounts for.
Shrinkage mining was a common stoping method prior to mechanised mining and the introduction of hydraulic fill. It is the best video for understanding how to do sublevel stoping mining method. Black diamond drilling services australia database. During the mining cycle, only 30 35% of the ore blasted is extracted being. Caving underground mining methods longwall, sublevel caving. Pdf konkola copper mines kcm is an integrated mining operation comprising of open pit and underground mines nchanga and konkola. Stull stoping is a supported mining method using timber or rock bolts in tabular, pitching ore bodies. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping international. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping name author. Therefore, particular geotechnical conditions and operational standards for chilean sublevel stoping. When the parameter of the room and pillar is 18m, the underground mining is safe and steady. Stoping is used when the country rock is sufficiently strong not to collapse into the stope, although in most cases artificial support is also provided the earliest forms of stoping were conducted with hand tools or by firesetting. From here on the mining and further exploration of the orebody took off and the mount isa mines were formed.
Mining continues upwards towards the sur face until the orebody is depleted. A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping ebook, 2014. Ore is recovered from each sublevel in a planned sequence of primary and secondary stopes with delayed backfill in a manner to create a stress shadow to avoid high stress. Sublevel stoping recover s the ore from open stopes separated by access drifts each connected to a ramp. The second section describes underground mining equipment, with particular focus on excavation machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers.
A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs advantages of this mining method it allows for a low safety and health risk as well as improved working environment. What is the difference between sublevel stopping and. Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel stoping method kazem oraee1 and amir houssain bangian2 drilling constitutes an important part of the production process in sublevel stoping method and up to 50% of the total costs can be attributed to this element. Jan 21, 2018 it is the best video for understanding how to do sublevel stoping mining method.
Ore is produced by drilling and blasting longholes, which can range from 50 mm 2 in. Widths of less than 6 m 20 ft, however, make the utilization of longhole drilling techniques more difficult. According to the similar material simulation technology, which is the main means, displacement monitoring and internal stress monitoring, several conclusions are summarized as bellow. The uppermost sublevel underneath the cover is partly caved. Click download or read online button to get geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping book now. Harraz email protected 2014 2015 this material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is provided in power point format so as to allow customization for the individual needs of course instructors. Study on sublevel open stoping with subsequent backfilling. What is sublevel stoping the ore body is divided into stopes, which are large sections with the largest dimension in the vertical direction. Shrinkage stoping is a shorthole mining method which is suitable for steeply dipping orebodies. Sketch painting of miners stoping at the burra burra mine, burra, australia, 1847. Sublevel stoping is one of the most useful underground mining methods in steeply dipping hardrock ore bodies. Sublevel stoping is a mining method in which ore is blasted from. Sublevel stoping is not dependent on the width of the ore body.
Underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. Labor intensive mining method less productive than sublevel stoping, vertical. Shrinkage stoping is a mining method used for steeply dipping, narrower ore bodies with self supporting walls and ore. In sublevel stoping a form of open stoping, ore chutes, manway, and starting raises must be put up and one or more drifts driven on each sublevel fig. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Section 10 shrinkage methods mike turner australian. These increased level distances are intended to reduce overall development costs when mining sublevel cave stope areas. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping 1st edition. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping top results of your surfing geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. The second half of the name derives from the caving of the hanging wall and. A common openstoping method is roomandpillar mining, in which pillars of ore are left standing to support the rock over a flatlying ore body.
The method is still used in a handful of nonmechanised mines in south america, africa, asia and canada. With the advent of recently developed sophisticated and expensive drilling. Physical work is reduced and it is easier to motivate the workforce. Underground mining methods engineering fundamentals and. The main criteria for sublevel open stoping are competent ore and stable host rock, regular ore boundaries, and a footwall dip that exceeds the angle of repose of broken ore.
Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods. Sublevel stoping mining methods are very popular in canadian metal mines since they enable maximum ore recovery due to pillarless mining. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. Pdf sublevel stoping underground mining methods researchgate. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and wo.
Design and operation of caving and sublevel stoping mines. This model is the closest to ours, and yields nearoptimal solutions to maximize revenue from mining platinum and palladium. Stoping is the process of extracting the desired ore or other mineral from an underground mine, leaving behind an open space known as a stope. Mining continues upwards towards the surface until the orebody is depleted. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping download. This method owes the first part of its name to the fact that work is carried out on many intermediate levels that is, sublevels between the main levels.
Mike turner australian mining consultants may 2000, in shrinkage stoping the ore is generally mined in, sublevel stoping, cut and fill mining and sublevel. Caving underground mining methods longwall, sublevel. Extensions to an efficient optimization model for long. It is the first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, presenting topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience. Ebook geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping as pdf. This is a contribution to the validation of the use of the methods in the brazil ian geomechanical context. The first full work on one of many crucial underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics in response to the normal sublevel stoping course of utilized by most mining houses, throughout which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a selected mining method, gear availability, and work strain experience.
Sublevel stoping sublevel stoping is a mining method in which ore is blasted from different levels of elevation but is removed from one level at the bottom of the mine. Kvhpm department of mining and mine surveying, royal institute of technology, stockholm, sweden received 1 november 1965 atraetthe following article contains a summary of the results obtained by theoretical calculations, model experiments and largescale. Cutandfill stoping is applicable to the mining of firm ore enclosed within walls, one or both of which are weak and heavy. Generally a large scale open stoping method, it is often referred to as long hole or blast hole stoping. This mining method is rapidly disappearing in north america because of the high cost of labor.
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